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Science

Published peer-reviewed scientific literature using our C-eye and Ribo-Ker technology

  1. Ning R, Fu X, Chen L, Liu H, Huang X, Chen Z, Shao Y, Meek KM, Hafezi F, Hillen M, Tao W, Zhou X, Yang M, Huang J. Cutting-edge cross-linking biomaterials advancing ophthalmic therapeutics. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2026. 113: 101489
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/42320844
  2. Kollros L, Aydemir ME, Boote C, Meek KM, Hayes S, Hillen M, Torres-Netto EA, Awwad ST, Depczynska M, Hafezi N, Hafezi F. Dehydration and Rehydration Behavior of Ultra-High-Fluence Extracorporeal Cross-Linked Corneal Allogenic Intrastromal Ring Segments (ECO-CAIRS). J Cataract Refract Surg. 2026:
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/42377903
  3. Hayashi T, Igarashi A, Fujiwara K, Kobashi H, Son HS, Kling S, Morishige N, Yamagami S, Tran KD, Moramarco A, Hafezi F, Perk F, Kilic A, Fernandez-Vega-Cueto L, Madrid-Costa D, Baydoun L, Melles G, Nubile M, Del Barrio JA, Romano V. Stromal Transplantation and corneal-sparing techniques in ectatic diseases. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2026: 101487
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/42235817
  4. Hafezi F, Hillen M, Hafezi N, Kollros L, Torres-Netto EA, Depczynska ML. [Anti-infectious cross-linking: when and how? : PACK-CXL as treatment option for infectious keratitis]. Ophthalmologie. 2026:
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/42274734
  5. Hafezi F, Akcan RE, Kling S, Kollros L, Depczynska M, Awwad S, Knyazer B, Hafezi N, Blaser F, Hillen M, Torres-Netto EA. Second-Generation ELZA-sub400 Protocol: Individualized High-Fluence Cross-Linking for Ultra-Thin Keratoconus Corneas. Am J Ophthalmol. 2026:
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/42364705
  6. Aydemir ME, Kollros L, Hillen M, Boote C, Meek KM, Hayes S, Torres-Netto EA, Awwad ST, Depczynska M, Hafezi N, Hafezi F. Biomechanical Stiffening Effect in Ultra-High-Fluence Extracorporeal Cross-Linked Corneal Allogenic Intrastromal Ring Segments. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2026:
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/42187317
  7. Lu NJ, Torres-Netto EA, Aydemir ME, Kling S, Hafezi N, Kollros L, Hafezi F. A Transepithelial Corneal Cross-linking (CXL) Protocol Providing the Same Biomechanical Strengthening as Accelerated Epithelium-off CXL. J Refract Surg. 2025. 41(7): e724-e30
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40626437
  8. Lu NJ, Meier P, Reina G, Aydemir ME, Eitner S, Koliwer-Brandl H, Egli A, Kissling V, Wick P, Hafezi F. Transmission rates of UV-A and green light in an ex vivo corneal crosslinking model for infectious keratitis. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2025. 51(3): 249-56
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39680566
  9. Hafezi NL, Aydemir ME, Lu NJ, Torres-Netto EA, Hillen M, Koppen C. Corneal enzymatic digestion resistance in the presence of oestradiol and oestradiol plus selective tissue oestrogenic activity regulators (STEAR). BMJ Open Ophthalmol. 2025. 10(1):
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40835238
  10. Hafezi F, Messerli J, Torres-Netto EA, Lu NJ, Aydemir ME, Hafezi NL, Hillen M. Same-session dual chromophore riboflavin/UV-A and rose bengal/green light PACK-CXL in Acanthamoeba keratitis: a case report. Eye Vis (Lond). 2025. 12(1): 2
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39748383
  11. Hafezi F, Kling S, Hafezi NL, Aydemir ME, Lu NJ, Hillen M, Knyazer B, Awwad S, Mazzotta C, Kollros L, Torres-Netto EA. Corneal cross-linking. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2025. 104: 101322
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39681212
  12. Hafezi F, Aydemir ME, Hillen M, Awwad ST, Kollros L, Muller F, Mazzotta C, Hafezi NL, Paulasto L, Torres-Netto EA. Extracorporeal Optimization of Corneal Allogenic Intrastromal Ring Segments (ECO-CAIRS) Using Ultra-high-Fluence Corneal Cross-linking. J Refract Surg. 2025. 41(11): e1233-e39
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41212961
  13. Blaser F, Torres-Netto EA, Gatzioufas Z, Perschak P, Hafezi F, Said S. Assessing Endothelial Integrity in Patients With Progressive Keratoconus and Thin Corneas Treated With the Sub400 Corneal Cross-linking Protocol. J Refract Surg. 2025. 41(7): e682-e89
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40626429
  14. Aydemir ME, Hafezi NL, Lu NJ, Torres-Netto EA, Hillen M, Koppen C, Hafezi F. Corneal Resistance to Enzymatic Digestion After Rose Bengal and Combined Rose Bengal/Riboflavin Cross-Linking Is Oxygen Independent. Transl Vis Sci Technol. 2025. 14(3): 1
  15. Singh RB, Koh S, Sharma N, Woreta FA, Hafezi F, Dua HS, Jhanji V. Keratoconus. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2024. 10(1): 81
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39448666
  16. Hafezi NL, Aydemir ME, Lu NJ, Torres-Netto EA, Hillen M, Koppen C. The Resistance of Riboflavin/UV-A Corneal Cross-Linking to Enzymatic Digestion Is Oxygen-Independent. Cornea. 2024. 43(7): 895-98
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38391266
    https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/wk/ico/2024/00000043/00000007/art00014;jsessionid=1fkp77f2yhuo7.x-ic-live-03
  17. Aydemir ME, Hafezi NL, Lu NJ, Torres-Netto EA, Hillen M, Koppen C, Hafezi F. Combining Riboflavin/UV-A Light and Rose Bengal/Green Light Corneal Cross-Linking Increases the Resistance of Corneal Enzymatic Digestion. Transl Vis Sci Technol. 2024. 13(1): 30
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38289609
  18. Torres-Netto EA, Abdshahzadeh H, Lu NJ, Kling S, Abrishamchi R, Hillen M, Hafezi NL, Koppen C, Hafezi F. Corneal crosslinking with riboflavin using sunlight. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2023. 49(10): 1049-55
  19. Sarma P, Kaur H, Hafezi F, Bhattacharyya J, Kirubakaran R, Prajapat M, Medhi B, Das K, Prakash A, Singh A, Kumar S, Singh R, Reddy DH, Kaur G, Sharma S, Bhattacharyya A. Short- and long-term safety and efficacy of corneal collagen cross-linking in progressive keratoconus: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology. 2023. 13(2): 191-202
    https://journals.lww.com/tjop/Fulltext/2023/13020/Short__and_long_term_safety_and_efficacy_of.8.aspx
  20. Olshaker H, Achiron A, Chorny A, Hafezi F, Yahalomi T, Kratz A, Tsumi E, Lu NJ, Knyazer B. Accelerated high fluence photoactivated chromophore for infectious keratitis-corneal cross-linking (PACK-CXL) at the slit lamp: a pilot study. Front Pharmacol. 2023. 14: 1229095
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37745064
  21. Lu NJ, Koliwer-Brandl H, Hillen M, Egli A, Hafezi F. High-Fluence Accelerated PACK-CXL for Bacterial Keratitis Using Riboflavin/UV-A or Rose Bengal/Green in the Ex Vivo Porcine Cornea. Transl Vis Sci Technol. 2023. 12(9): 14
  22. Lu NJ, Koliwer-Brandl H, Gilardoni F, Hafezi N, Knyazer B, Achiron A, Zbinden R, Egli A, Hafezi F. The Antibacterial Efficacy of High-Fluence PACK Cross-Linking Can Be Accelerated. Transl Vis Sci Technol. 2023. 12(2): 12
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36757342
  23. Lu NJ, Hafezi F, Torres-Netto EA, Assaf JF, Aslanides IM, Awwad ST, Chen S, Cui LL, Koppen C. Effect of fluence levels on prophylactic corneal cross-linking for laser in situ keratomileusis and transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy. Acta Ophthalmol. 2023. 101(2): e185-e96
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36794626
  24. Hafezi F, Torres-Netto EA, Kollros L, Lu NJ, Hafezi N, Mazzotta C, Aydemir ME, Hillen M. Rates of infectious keratitis and other ocular surface adverse events in corneal cross-linking for keratoconus and corneal ectasias performed in an office-based setting: a retrospective cohort study. Eye Vis (Lond). 2023. 10(1): 36
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37653457
  25. Hafezi F, Torres-Netto EA, Hillen M. Expanding indications for corneal cross-linking. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2023. 34(4): 339-47
    https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/wk/icu/2023/00000034/00000004/art00011
  26. Hafezi F, Munzinger A, Goldblum D, Hillen M, Tandogan T. Repeated High-Fluence Accelerated Slitlamp-Based Photoactivated Chromophore for Keratitis Corneal Cross-Linking for Treatment-Resistant Fungal Keratitis. Cornea. 2022. 41(8): 1058-61
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35830582
  27. Hafezi F, Hillen M, Kollros L, Hafezi N, Torres Netto EA. Corneal Cross-linking in Thin Corneas: From Origins to State of the Art. Reviews in Ophthalmology. 2022: 1-4
  28. Hafezi F. Corneal Cross-Linking: Epi-On. Cornea. 2022. 41:
  29. Abdshahzadeh H, Abrishamchi R, Aydemir ME, Hafezi N, Hillen M, Torres-Netto EA, Lu NJ, Hafezi F. Repeated application of riboflavin during corneal cross-linking does not improve the biomechanical stiffening effect ex vivo. Exp Eye Res. 2022. 224: 109267
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36167218
  30. Wu D, Lim DK, Lim BXH, Wong N, Hafezi F, Manotosh R, Lim CHL. Corneal Cross-Linking: The Evolution of Treatment for Corneal Diseases. Front Pharmacol. 2021. 12: 686630
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34349648
  31. Peyman A, Pourazizi M. Corneal Cross-linking at the Slit Lamp: Concern About Risk of Corneal Ulcer. J Refract Surg. 2021. 37(8): 572
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34388077
  32. Knyazer B, Hillen M, Hafezi F. Corneal Cross-linking for Infectious Keratitis at the Slit Lamp in Wheelchair Users. J Refr Surg Case Rep. 2021. 1(3): e36-e39
  33. Hafezi F, Torres Netto EA, Randleman JB, Hafezi NL, Mazzotta C, Ambrosio R, Kollros L. Corneal Cross-linking for Keratoglobus Using Individualized Fluence. J Refr Surg Case Rep. 2021. 1(1): e10-e14
  34. Hafezi F, Richoz O, Torres-Netto EA, Hillen M, Hafezi NL. Corneal Cross-linking at the Slit Lamp. J Refract Surg. 2021. 37(2): 78-82
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33577692
  35. Hafezi F, Richoz O, Torres-Netto EA, Hillen M, Hafezi N. Reply: Corneal Cross-linking at the Slit Lamp: Concern About Risk of Corneal Ulcer. J Refract Surg. 2021. 37(8): 572-73
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34388074
  36. Hafezi F, Kling S, Gilardoni F, Hafezi N, Hillen M, Abrishamchi R, Gomes JAP, Mazzotta C, Randleman JB, Torres-Netto EA. Reply to comment on Individualized corneal cross-linking with riboflavin and UV-A in ultra-thin corneas: the sub400 protocol. Am J Ophthalmol. 2021:
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34237318
  37. Abrishamchi R, Abdshahzadeh H, Hillen M, Hafezi N, Torres-Netto EA, Aslanides IM, Chen S, Randleman JB, Hafezi F. High-Fluence Accelerated Epithelium-Off Corneal Cross-Linking Protocol Provides Dresden Protocol-Like Corneal Strengthening. Transl Vis Sci Technol. 2021. 10(5): 10
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34542574
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8458988/pdf/tvst-10-5-10.pdf
  38. Seiler T, Randleman JB, Vinciguerra P, Hafezi F. Corneal crosslinking without epithelial removal. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2019. 45(6): 891-92
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31146950
  39. Deshmukh R, Hafezi F, Kymionis GD, Kling S, Shah R, Padmanabhan P, Sachdev MS. Current concepts in crosslinking thin corneas. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2019. 67(1): 8-15
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30574883
  40. Salmon B, Richoz O, Tabibian D, Kling S, Wuarin R, Hafezi F. CXL at the Slit Lamp: No Clinically Relevant Changes in Corneal Riboflavin Distribution During Upright UV Irradiation. J Refract Surg. 2017. 33(4): 281
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28407170
  41. Kling S, Hafezi F. Corneal biomechanics – a review. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2017. 37(3): 240-52
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28125860
    http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/store/10.1111/opo.12345/asset/opo12345.pdf?v=1&t=j31ybrpu&s=c898656f24ca255413203fb7219c912f3175081f
  42. Tabibian D, Mazzotta C, Hafezi F. PACK-CXL: Corneal cross-linking in infectious keratitis. Eye Vis (Lond). 2016. 3: 11
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27096139
  43. Tabibian D, Richoz O, Hafezi F. PACK-CXL: Corneal Cross-linking for Treatment of Infectious Keratitis. J Ophthalmic Vis Res. 2015. 10(1): 77-80
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26005557
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4424723/pdf/JOVR-10-77.pdf
  44. Randleman JB, Khandelwal SS, Hafezi F. Corneal Cross-Linking. Surv Ophthalmol. 2015. 60(6): 509-23
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25980780